Controlling apparatus for pressure systems.



No. 858,471 PATENTED JULY 2, 190-2" w. J. RICHARDS. CONTROLLING APPARATUS FOR PRESSURE SYSTEMS.

APPL IbATION FILED JAN.3. 1905.

2 SHEETSSHBET 1.

lnvenfjr WHIIEP rJ-HilZhEPdS j r AIIQ PARATUS FOR PRESSURE SYSTEMS.

CONTROLLING AP APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3. 1.905. 2 SHEETS-BHEET 2.

v CONTROLLING APPARATUS FOR PRESSURE sY TEMs.

WALTER .l. RICHARDS, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

Application filed January 3,

Specification of Letters Patent.

1905. Serial No. 239,305.

Patented July 2 1907.

[To all whom it may concern: i Be it known that I, WALTER J. Rrcnnnns, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented a 5 certain new and" useful Improvement in Controlling Systems, .of which the following and exact description, reference drawings, forming a Apparatus for Pressure is a full, clear, concise, being had to the accompanying part of this specification. I

My invention relates to motor driven fluid pumps, or pompressors, and its object is to provide improved means for starting and stopping such pumps or compressors with as gradual variation in the current flow as possible.

Myinvention is particularly useiul vwhere the motor driving the compressor, or pump, is fed from a dynamof oismall capacity, and which is at the same time used for supplying energy for lamps or other translating devices. v

The driving motors when properly Wound may he started by throwing full. voltage thereon, but when this. is done the initial current flow would be very great, and as much as two or three times the normal current flow, and when the motor is connected with a small capacity dynamo the lights and other translating devices of the circuit are momentarily disturbed and unbalanced. Again the sudden opening of the motor circuit at full load would also cause a disturbance of the line, and at the same time this sudden connection with and from circuit places avery severe strain upon boththe driving motor and the pump, or compressor apparatus.

In my invention 1 provide means whereby the current. is placed grad uull y upon the motor, and this is done by starting the compressor in an unloaded state, and by automatically and gradually disconnecting a resistance from the motor circuit, which resistance is normally all included in circuit with the motor. After all the resistance is removed from the motor circuit the unloading devices are rendered inoperative, so that the com prcssor, or pump, may become active to supply compressed lluid to the system. Alter-the pressure of, the system bus reached u predetermined maximum the unloading devices are caused to become operative a given interval oi time bciorc the opening of the circuit to the motor. lurtol the motor load is thus reduced and consequently the current flow is gradually reduced and alter the interval the motor circuit is opened. This unloading ol' the compressor or pump boi'ore the final opening of the motor circuit i'orms one of the most important features of my invention.

My invention is applicable to both single and compound ciunprcssor systems. In the single compressor system the unloading dcviccs may consist of means For lifting the suction valves out oi their zone of action so that the compressor becomes inoperative. 1 shall describe my invention, however. in connection with compound systems and the same unloading mechanism may a be employed for ders, but I prefer to apply this unloading mechanism to only the suction to allow the suction valves of the high pressure cylinder to be at all times in operative condition.

both the high and low pressure cylin-,

valves of the low pressure cylinder and Broadly speaking the invention consistsin at first I connecting the motor in circuit with all the resistance effective and then by means oi electromagnetic switch- 6 5 ing mechanism, which will be described later, to gradually render this resistance ineffective. Alter all the resistance is thus removed from circuit the unloading mechanism is rendered inoperative to allow the compressor or pump to become active and the full load will be upon the motor. As the predetermined maximumpressure in the system is reached switching mechanism is set in operation to first render the. unloading mechanism operative, whereby the high pressure cylinder becomes ineffective and its resistance removed from the motor. I

After an interval of time the motor circuit 'will be opened, but during this interval the high pressure cyl-' ind-er willbe actuated. sufliciently to reduce the'pressure in the intermediary cylinder or intercooler to atmospheric pressure. In other words, this interval is of sufficient length to allow the motor to actuate the high pressure cylinder to pump air irom the intercooler until the pressure in the intercooleris atmospheric. Thus when minimum pressure in thesystem is reached and the motor again connected in circuit very little resistance or load will be offered by the high pressure ylinder, owing to this low or atmospheric pressure in the intercooler from which the pressure cylinder is supplied. 7 As a further precaution to prevent undue load upon the motor at starting I may provide a vent for the intercooler, which. is controlled to allow the escape of the air from the intercooler at the time when the high pressure cylinder is rendered inactive.

I shall describe my invention more in detailwith rei- 9 5 ercnce to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows one arrangement of circuits and apparatus, and Fig. 2 another arrangement which may be used.

mechanism 2 Withthe piston rod 53, carrying the pistons 4 and 5 adapted to travel respectively in the low pressure and high pressure cylinders 6 and 7. The'low pressure cylinder is provided with discharge valves 8,

In Fig. 1 the motor 1 is suitably connected through 106 which control a circuit through the passage 9 leading to 102 tor will start. 4 positive main through conductor it, through the winding ot relay 36 to the contact 50, through conductor 1', conductor a, conductor 5 and through contacts 34 and 35 and arm 33, and through conductor f to the negative main, thus causing energization oi the main relay, and the arm 38 is raised gradually, owing to the connection therewith of the dash'pot mechanism 39 When the arm 38 engages the movable contact 42 circuit will fiow as follows: from the positive main through the contacts 66 and 65, conductor 9' through winding 51, conductor k, immovable contact 45, movable contact 42, arm 38, conductor a, conductor 1; and through contacts 34 and35 to the negative main. Solenoid 51 thereupon becomes energized to connect its arm 54 with the contacts 64 and 60, and current will then flow from the positive main through the conductors v and l, arm 54, contact conductor m, through resistance T2, 1"" and through the motor to the negative main the resistance section 1" having been shunted from circuit. When the contact arm 38 reachcsthe movable contact 43 the following circuit will be established: from the positive main through contacts 65 and 6C, conductor 9', solenoid winding, 52, contacts 46 and 43 and to contact arm 38 which is connected with the negative main. The solenoid 52 is thereupon energized to close the following circuit: from the conductor y, connected with the positive main. through the contacts 26 and 27, through conductor n, arm 55, contact 61, conductor 0, through a resistance section T3, and through the motor to the negative main,- both resistance sections r and r being short circuited from the motor circuit. When the arm reaches the contact 'arm 44 current will flow from the positive main to the solenoid 53 contacts Hand 44 and through contact arm 38 to the negative main. The resulting energize.- tion of solenoid 53 causes current to flow from the con ductor g, connected withthe positive main, through conductor p, arm 56, contact 62, conductor q and directly to the motor terminal 25, and through the motor to the negative main, the resistance being all shunted from circuit. Upon energization also of the solenoid 53 the contact 66 is raised from contact 65 and the connection of the solenoids 51 and 52 with the positive main is broken; current flow through these solenoids having become unnecessary upon the complete removal irom cir cult oi the resistance upon energization of the solenoid I 53. The motor is now directly connected with the supply circuit having gradually acquired full speed without undue and harmful current drain on the main supply circuit. As the arm 38 is raised still further and into contact with the tongue 67 the iollowing circuit will be established: irom the positive main through the windings 73 and 74 to the coiuluctor 72, through contact [i7 and contact arm 38 to the negative main. This causes energization of the windings 73 and. 74 to allow the suction valves of the low pressure cylinder to l)e-' until a certain predetermined maximum pressure is obtained in the system. r v v The pivot center 69 and the contact end of tongue 67 are in the same vertical line when the relay 71 is inert, and the upward movement of the arm 38 upon engagement with the tongue 67 will be checked. As the predetermined value of the maximum pressure is now ob-' tained after a period of effective operation of the system i the arm 22 of the gage will engage the maximum contact 24 and the solenoid 71 will be connected in circuit in parallel with the relay 32, the current flow, however, being sufficient to maintain energization ofboth these relays. The circuitthrough the solenoid 71 is as follows: from the positive main through the coil 29, conductor s, solenoid 71, conductor t, contact 24, arm 22,-conductors e and b and through contact 34 and 35 to the negative main. The core 70 will therefore, be raised to remove the tongue 67 from engagement with the arm 38;

This causes opening of the circuit containing the unloading electromagnets 7 3 and 74, the suction valves 11 being again rendered inoperative, and the load of the low pressure cylinder is, therefore, removed from the motor and the result will be a diminished current flow through the motor circuit. The arm 38 thus released may continue its upward travel until the spring contact 48 engages the contacts 49 and 50, whereupon the relays 32 and 71 will be short eircuited through the following path: from the positive main through the coil 29, conductor's, conductor u, contact 49, spring switch 48, contact 50, conductor 2', conductor a, conductor b and through contacts 34 and 35 and the negative main. A 5' this closes a short circuit about the relay 32 this relay becomes deenergized and the. arm 33 opens the contacts 34 and 35, and as the connection of the main relay and auxiliary relays depend for their connection with the negative main upon the closure of contacts 34 and 35 they will all become deenergized upon opening of these contacts, and as coil 29 also depends for its connection with the negative main upon these contacts 34 and 35 it also will become deenerg'ized to open connections between contacts 26 and 27, and the current How to the motor will, therefore, be interrupted. It will be seen that although the load due to the low pressure cylinder is removed from the motor upon energization of solenoid 71, the high pressure cylinder load is still upon the motor during the interval of time hetweenthe energization of this relay 7l and the instant when the arm 38 has gradually been raised suliiciently toengage the switch spring 48 with the contacts 49 and 50 to short circuit the relay 32 and to open all the supply conductors. As the suction ,valves of the low pressure cylinder, however, are raised from their seats, this-cylinder can no longer supply fluid to the intercooler l0, and consequently the load due to the high pressure cylin oer is reduced as the )ressure in the intercooler is decreased this )ressure finally becoming atmospheric.

'lheload offered the motor by the high prcsurc cylinder when its intake fluid .is atmospheric pressure is very littlc, and consequently the current through the motorcan be interrupted without trouble. The retard ing mechanism of the main relay 3G is so adjusted that the interval between release of the arm 33 and short circuiting of the contacts 49 and 50 is sufficient to allow actuation of the high pressure cylinder by the motor untill til the pressure! of the air in the intercooler is reduced to atnmspheric pressure, :lnd when the circuit is linally broken The supply circuit to which the motoris connected will not he suddenly unbalanced. Thus the motor is gradually disconnected from circuit, the load of the low pressure cylinder being first removed to cause a'decrease in current, and the high pressure cylinder load being then gradually reduced to a small value, and this feature of gradual removal of the compressor load liel'orc opening of the motor circuit i consider as new, and it forms one of the most important features of my invention. When the pressure oi the system again llLtLt'llts' the minimum value thoinolor upon starting will meet only the small load of the high pressure cylinder. To further insure the prevention ol' supply iiressureon the high pressure cylinder due to the fact that the inter-cooler has not been sullieiently exhausted at the previous action of the con'ipre sor s ystem, I may provide venting means shown in Fig. 2 for the intercooler which is actuated simultantously with. the. unloading relays to allow escape of the air from thoi'ntercooler. This venting means consists of a lever provided at its one end with a lid 76, and coirnected with the other end with the core 77 of the solenoid 78, and this lid upon encrgization of the solenoid 78 engages over thetop of the vent Til to close the intercooler and to render it operative. 'lhe hl'lltllUltl Tll may he connected in branch of the relays T13 and 7-1 as shown; the circuit being from the positive main through i the conductor 7) through the solenoid 73, through the cont'luctor 72 and through the tongue (37 and arm fill to the negative main, and thus upon actuation oi the relays 73 and 74 to render the low pressure cylinder effective, the solenoid 78 is sinudtaneously actut'ited to cause closure of the Vent 79. Upon breaking of the circuit, hovvever, at contact (37 and arm 38 the vent is opened and the air in the iutercoolcr reduced to atmosplreric pressure. The load, due to the high pressure cyl' inder, is therelore immediately, instead of gradually. reduced, and the automatic vent serves the additional advantage oi allowing escape to the atmosphere of any air or fluid which might escape hack from the air pressure system throligh the valves of the high pressure cylinder, and this would at all times previ ut the plaeii'ig of a load upon the motor at the time of starting. due to any resistant-e pressure in the high pressure cylinder. l

/ In Fig. 2 I show a slightly modified.arram ient of circuits and here the main relay 3:; and the auxiliary solenoids 5t, 52 and 53 are connected with the contact 26 and their connection with the positive main thus directly controlled by the coil 29. while tl'ieyare adapted to be directly connected with the negative main. in Fig.1, these relays are connected directly with the positive main and are adapted for connection with the negative main through ctmtaets ol' relays 32. The relay llli is connected with the positive main through. contact 26, arm 28, contact 27 at conductor c and is connected with the negative m'ain through the conductors iand a. The solenoids all and 52 connect with the positive main through etmductor contacts 5 and till. arm :36 and conductor q and through contacts 26 and 22?. the solenoid 58 being also connected with the positive main through the condiictor g and contacts fill and 37. The other terminals of these relays connect through the respective movable contacts l2, l3 and ll with the con- .pressor driven lhereh for supplying a Boat-r1 tact arm. 38 and through. the conductor a with the negative main. In this circuit, therefore, the coil 29 directly controls both the motor circuit; and the various food circuits to the solenoids, while in Fig. l, the coil 29 directly controls only the motor circuit, while the relay 32 controls the various circuits to the solenoids. The operations of both arrangements are otherwise. however, exactly alike. I niay also provide means for redueingthc current flow through the electromagnetic mechanisms alter they have performed their [auction of poll in g from a distance and have nothing more to do but to retain their load. Alter such actuation of the clectrmuagnetic mechanisms less currentis necessary to hold them in position, and I therefore provide resist;-

anee which becomes effective to reduce the current through the mechanisn'is. This resistance may be in lamps 80 connected with mmtacts 8 82 associated with the arm 83 connected with the core 12 of one of the unloading coils. for instance 73. I live uain at lirst leads from the electromagnetic mechaui. is through the conductor. 1:, contact 82. arm 83. contact 8i and through conductor y to the negative main. As the coil 73. liecmnes energized, this circuit will include the lamps 80 and the current thus red eed.

The system oi control herein described provides for a. safe and-gradual current [low to the compressor syst our, and is.- therelore. oi great value where the pressure system is connected with a supply circuit and at the same time used ior supplyin current to lights and other translating devices Where the dynamo feeding the sys tcm is of small eapacity and Where sudden variation of load would seriously tmbalauce the circuit. I do not wish. however. to be limited to an exact arrangement of the apparatus and circuits as shown. as many modillcations may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Instead ol only ohe high pressure and one low l'niessilre cylinder as shown. and one intm'cooler, several of these may he employed and other additions and changes \i'ill sirzyest themselves to those skilled in the art.

I claim. as new, and desire to secure by Letters latcut: I

1. 'lhe combination with :1 motor. of a circuit therefor, :l compressor driven thereby l'o r suppLriuu a pressure systeml electromae'nelicnlly controlled unloading means nor innlly efleellre to unload the compressor, menus for grudually starting the motor, menus for causing actuation of the unloading: means only after the motor has reached normal speed whereby said compressor becomes ell'eclirc. additional menus for again rendering the uulo.-idtn means elt'eclive whereb i the compressor heroines ineffective and its loud removed from the motor. and electromagnetic means adapted to operate after an interral lo disconnect the motor from circuit. V

. The combination with :1 motor. of a circuit. therefor, eompl'essor driven thel'eln' l'or supplying-a pressure system. electromapmellenlly controlled unloading menus normally effective to unload the compressor. starting menus for said motor, menus controlled by the pressure in the system for causing actuation of the unloading menus ul'ler said motor is reached normal Speed whereby said com pressor ls rendered effective, additional means for again rendering said unloading menus etleclive whereby the pressure load is: removed from the motor. and automatic menus for discouneclinjs; the motor from circuit: after said uulozidlin: means has been rendered effective.

It 'llucombination with an electric motor, of a comllllfihlll'll Sj'filllll, a resistance for the motor circuit, a main relay. :1 switch autonmtienlly controlled by the pressure in i'hosyslem The circuit tot he nega llll ill-5 llO lllll lIlCi -nnd adapted upon actuation to connect said 'main relay with a supply circuit, actuation of said main relay causing said motor to be initially connected with the supply circuit with all the resistance effective, aplurality of electromagnetic Switching mechanisms connected with said resistance, a master electromagnetic switching mechanism adopted to be connected with the supply circuit upon actuation of said automatic switch, and means upon actuation of said master switch for causing the switching mechanism associated therewith to be gradually'and successively connected with the supply circuit whereby said resistance is gradually rendered ineifective and the motor connected directly with the supply circuit.

4. The combination with a motor, ofa resistance for the motor circuit, a main relay adapted for connection with a supply circuit, actuation of said main relay causin'g said motor to be initially connected with the supply circuit with all the resistance effective, solenoids, ,switch mechanisms actuated by said solenoids and connected with said resistance, a master relay, and means for causing said master relay to be actuated to gradually and successively render said solenoids active whereby said resistance is gradually rendered ineffective and the motor connected directly with the supply circuit.

25 The combination with a motor,

- motor circuit, a main relay adapted when connected with a supply circuit to connect said motor initially with the supply circuit through all the resistance, a master relay adapted to be connected with the supply circuit, means for causing-slow actuation of said master relay upon energizutlon thereof, a contact arm for said main relay, a plurallty of subreliiys, switching mechanism actuated by s: d, suhrelays and connected with said resistance, conf for said subrelays associated with the contact arm 35 of said master -relay, and meansoperative upon energization of said master relay for causing said contact arm tosuccessively engage the subrelays and contacts whereby said subrelays are successively actuated and their switching mechanisms caused to gradually exclude the resistance from the motor circuit.

(l. The combination with a motor, of a resistance-for the motor circuit, a main relay for initially connecting said motor with a supply circuit through all said resistance, an automatic Switch adapted upon actuation to connect said main relay with the supply circuit, a master relay connectcd with the supply circuit upon actuation of said automatic I switch, switching mechanism controlled by said master relay, a plurality of sub-relays'connected with said master relay swilchlns mechanism, switching mechanism controlled by said sub-relays and connected with said re slstanrc, and means operative upon ,actuation of said master. relay for causing gradual and successiveactuutlon of its switching mechanism to successively and gradually connect said sub-relays in circuit to render the switching mechanisms of said sub-relays active, whereby said resistance is gradually excluded from the motor circuit and the motor connected directly with the supply circuit.

7. The combination with a motor, ota compressor drive n thereby for supplying a pressure system, electromagnetic ally controlled means associated with the suction valves oflhe compressor for normally rendering said compressor lnci'tcciive, a main relay, a switch controlled by the pressure in the system for connecting-said main relay with a supply circuit, a master relay adapted upon actuation of said main relay to be connected with the supply circuit, a circuit controlled bythe master relay and including the electromagnetic moans associated with the suction valves, means upon actuation oi said master relay for causing closure of said circuit to cause actuation of the electro magnetically controlled means to render the suction valves and the compressor effective, means operative ,upon an other actuation oi" said switch for opening said circuit whereby the suction valves and compressor again become inofl'cttiro, and means associated with said master relay adapted to oporalenfier an interval to cause disconnection of said main relay from the supply circuit whereby said motor cirru' is opened.

'lho combin: ion with a motor, of a compressor driven thoroby for supplying a pressure system. electromagnetic- :illy controlled mechanism associated with the suction valves oi lho compressor for normally causing said valves a plurality of of a resistance for the I to be inoperative and adapted upon current ilow therew through to allow the valves to become operative, a switch automatically, controlled by the pressure in the system, a. main relay adapted to be connected with the supply circuit through said switch upon minimum pressurebeing reached in the system, actuation of said main relay causing said motor to be connected with the supply circuit, a slow acting inaster'relay mechanism adapted to cause closure of a circuit through the electromagnetic valve controlling mechanism after the motor has startedgwhereby the motor is rendered eitective to supplypressure to the-system, means for causing said automatic switch to open the circuit through said electromagnetic. valve controlling mechnnism when the pressure in the system 7 reaches a maximum value whereby the compressor becomes ineffective, and means whereby said slow acting relay mechanism causes said main relayfltofl be disconnected from the supply circuit after an interval, whereby the circuit through said motor is interrupted.

9. The combination with a motor; of a circuit therefor,

a compressor driven thereby for supplying-a pressure sys-. tem, normally effective unloading means for said compressor, means for causing the unloading means to become 7 iueflectivc after the motor has been started, additional means for causing the unloading means to again become effective when the pressure in the system becomes maximum, and means operative after an interval to disconnect the motor from circuit.

10. The combination with a motor,- of a circuit theretor, a compressor driven thereby for supplying a pressure system, normally effective unloading m'eans for, the compressor, means for causing the unloading means to become ineffective when the motor has been started, additional means for causing the unloading means to again become effective after the pressure in the system becomes maximum, and electromagnetic means adapted to operate alter an interval to disconnect the motor from circuit.

11. The combination with a motor, of a circuit therefor, a compressor driven thereby for supplying a pressure sys tem, normally effective unloading means for the con:- prcssor, electrical means controlled by the pressure 01! the system for causing the unloading means'to become ineflective after the motor has started whereby the compressor becomes effective to supply pressure to the system, additional means for causing the unloading means to again become effective after the pressure in the system reaches a maximum value, and automatic means fordisconnecting the motor from circuit after said unloading means has been rendered effective.

12. The combination with a motor, of compressor mechanismv driven thereby for supplying the pressure system, a high pressure and :1 low pressure cylinder for said'compressor mechanism, electromugnetically controlled unloading mcans for the low pressure cylinder normally disposed to render the cyllndervineifective, means for causing actuation of said unloading means to render the cylinder eifective after the motor has been started, additional means for again rendering the unloading means eflfective whereby the load of the low pressure cylinder is removed from the motor, and automatic-means for,disconnecting said motor from circuit after actuation of said unloading means 13. The combination with a motor, of compressor mechanism driven thereby for supplying a pressure system, a. low pressure and a high pressure cylinder for said com pressor mechanism, unloading mechanism for said com the motor has been started whereby the low pressure cylinder becomes effective to supply pressure totho system, additional means for causing the unloading means to,

troiring fie eicuii' through first Emu through said electromagnetic switching mechanisms, actuation-of said relays causing said motor to be first connected with the circuit through all the resistance and said resistance to be then gradually removed from the motor circuit.

- 24. The combination with a motor, 05 a coil,'switcl1 mechanism actuated by said coil to connect said motor in circuit, a resistance for said motor, electro magnetic switching mechanisms associated .with said resistance. and a relay controlling said electromagnetic switch mechanism to gradually disconnect said resistance from the motor cir cult after said circuit has been closed through said switch mechanism. I

25. The combination with u relay, of automatic means for connecting said relay with o supply circuit. a motor hu'vlng its circuit-controlled by said 1'clll,\,,il slow acting relay also controlled by said automatic means, a resistance for the motor circuit controlled by the slow acting relay. and means operable upon actuation of said automatic means for connecting both said relays in circuit. whereby said motor is connected in circult and said resistance grudually removed from the motor circuit.

26. The combination with a motor, of a relny, a coil controlled by said relay. switching mechanism controlled by said coil to connect. said motor in' circuit, a resistance for said motor circuit, n muster electro magnetic switch controlled by said relay, a plurality of subclectro magnetic switches controlled by said master switch, and means oper ableupon actuation of sold muster switch for causing sections of said resistance to he successively removed from the motor circuit by said subelcctro mngnetic switches after the motor-has been connected in circuit upon actuntlnn of said coil. I

27. The combination with a motor, of :1 compressionsysfem actuated thereby for supplying a pressure system, a main switch controlled by the pressure in the system, a main rciny. an electro magnetic switch. the windings of I said relay and said electro magnetic switch being serially connected in circuit and with a supply soure upon uctuotlon at said main switch, suid electro magnetic switch coo trolling said motor circuit. :1 resistance in said motor clr cult, and a plurality o't subclectro magnetic mechanisms cnch controlling" a section of said resistance. actuation of said main relny causing nctuntlon of sold subelectro mugnctlc mechanisms to gradually disconnect sold resistance trom the motor circuit.- v

23. The combination with 11 motor. of a compression sys tem actuated thereby for supplying :1 pressure system. a main switch controlled by the pressure in the system. a main relay. an electro magnetic switch for controlling the motor circuit, the windings of said main relay and said electro magnetic switch being connected serially in circuit undjwiih :1 supply source upon actuation of said mnin switch, It resistance normally all included in the motor circuit, u master rcluy controlled by slllil mrln relay, n plurnlity of subelectro magnetic switches controlled by said mus fer rcluy and ouch associated with :1 section of sold resislunee, und means opernble upon actuation of sold mas icr relay for causing successive actuation of sold subelcctro nnuructlc switches. whereby sold rcslsiunce is gradually removed from the motor circuit and said motor connected directly with the supply source.

29. The combination with a motor, of compression mechnnism driven thereby for supplying u pressure system, a main switch controlled by the pressure in said system, a main rcluy, rm electromagnetic switch, the windings of said main relay and suid clcclro mugucilc switch being connected serlnlly in circuit and udnpl'ed for connection wllh :1 supply source upon uctunilon of suld-mnln switch, suid clectro mhgnellc switch controlling the circuit through snid motor, :i normally ciicctivercslstuncc In said mold! circuit, u muster electro magnetic switch conh'ollt'd by said muin rein-y, n plurality oi subclcctro magnetic swilchcs connected wilh suid resistance. and menus for onus-ling slow nctunilou ol suld master clcciro muguotic swilcll upon encrglzniion thereof in successively connect: sa d subelcel'ro magnetic switches in circuit, whereby sultl rcsislunc'c is grudunlly rendered incficcllvc 21nd snld motor conuccicd dlrcctlywlih the supply source,

iii). The combination with :1 motor. ol :1 compression sys tcln driven thereby for supplying :1 pressure system, a

sistance is gradually rendered ineffective and said motor connected directly with the supply circuit.

' 31. The combination with a motor, of a compress'iori'system nctunted thereby for supplying a pressure system, a main Switch controlled by the pressure in the system, a circuit for said motor, 1; resistance normally all included in the motor circuit. a'solenoid controlling only said motor switch, actuation of snid main switch causing connection circuit, a slow acting main relay controlled by said mold of said main relny' and said-solenoid with a supply source,

- n plurality ofsimllar electromagnetic switches connected with said resistance but normally disconnected tron: circuit. and means operable upon energizatlon of sold main relay tor causing said electro magnetic switches to be successively connected in circuit and actuated to gradually render said resistance ineffective and to directly connect said motor with the supply source.

i '32. The combination with a motor, of a compression system actuated thereby for supplyingn pressure system, a main switch controlled by the pressure in the system, a main relay for controlling only the motor circuit, a. .resistnnce in said motor circuit. :1 slow acting main relay, actuntiouot said main switch upon minimum pressure in the system causing connection of snid relays with a supply circuit, whereby said motor is connected with the supply circuit with all the resistance edeciive. a plurality of slmlltfr electro magnetic switches connected with said resistance and controlled by said main relay to be' normally disconnected from circuit, connection of said main relny causing successive actuation of said electromagnetic switches iii-circuit and actuntion thereof, whereby said resistance is gradually rendered ineffective and the motor directly connected with the supply source, and menus -upon mnxi mum pressure in the system for causing de energlnatlo'u of said main relay. I

33. The combination witli n motor, of a compression mechanism driven thereby for supplying n prcssu re system. a mum switch controlled by the pressure in the system, a, main relay controlling the motor circuit. :1 resistance in the motor circuit. on electromngnetlc circuit 'closcr controlled by said mnln switch and controlling snld main reluy. minimum pressure in the system causing actuation oi said switch to connect suid mein reluy and said circuit closer with n supply source, encrglzntion of'snid mn'in relay normally causing suld motor to be connected with the supply source with nil the resistance effective. a master reluy controlled by said main rcluy, n plurnlity oi electro magnetic switches controlled by said master relay and connected with said resistance, menus operable upon ener- 'gizntlon of said master relay for cuuslng suid electro magnetic switches to'be successively energized to gradually render suld resistance ineffective and to connect the motor dircctly with the supply source, and additional electro' nmcnetlc means udnpted when maximum pressure in the system is reached to render sold circuit closer inert. whereby suid muln relay is (lo-energized and suid motor disconnected from the supply source.

:l-l. 'lhu combination with a motor, of a compressor driven thereby for supplying a pressure system, electromzl zucticully controlled unloading menus for said compressor normully disposed to render the compressor inopcruilvc. u umlu switch conlrolled by the pressure in the system. :1 nmln l'clny ('(Illfl'illllllkj the ,clrcult through sold motor. u rcsislunco in the motor circuit normnlly all i'lTOil'lVi, uu clcctronmc'ncilc circuit closer controlled by said swlich and controlling the circuit through said mnin roluy, ucluutlon oi suld switch upon minimum pressure of the system being; rouched cuuslng energlzution of said mulu relay and said circuit closer, suid motor upon actua- 

